History of batik in Indonesia is closely linked with the development of the Majapahit empire and the spread of Islam in Java. In some records, the development of batik is mostly done in times of Mataram kingdom, then work on the Solo danYogyakarta.
Batik art is art image on the cloth for clothing that was one of cultural keluaga Indonesia kings of old. Batik initially worked in the palace alone are limited and the results for the king's clothing and family and his followers. Because many of the followers of the king who lived outside the palace, the art of batik was brought by the palace and carried them out in place of each.
Old-old art of batik was imitated by the people nearest and further extends into the work of women in the household to fill his spare time. Furthermore, batik clothes that used only the royal family, became a popular folk clothing, both women and men. White fabric that is used when it is the result of homespun.
Coloring materials are being used consist of native plants Indonesia made itself among others of: noni tree, tall, Soga, indigo, and the material made from soda ash soda, and salt is made of mud.
Majapahit
Batik has become a culture in which the royal Majahit, pat traced in Mojokerto and Tulung Court. Mojoketo is closely associated with the Majapahit kingdom during the first and the origin of the name has something to do with the Majapahit Majokerto. Relation to the development of batik Tulung Majapahit Agung is grown in the development of batik history of this area, can be extracted from the relics at the time of the Majapahit empire. At that time the most Tulungagung area consists of wetlands in the history of the area known as Bonorowo, which at the time of Majapahit bekembangnya area ruled by a Duke benama Kalang, and would not submit to the kingdom of Majapahit.
Told that the police action launched by Majapahati, Duke Kalang supposedly killed in the fighting around the village which is now reportedly named Kalangbret. Thus the army officers and families, Majapahit kingdom settled and lived in the region that is now named Bonorowo or Tulungagung, among others, also carry original art of batik making.
Local batik is now in Mojokerto contained in Kwali, Kirkcaldy, Betero and Sidomulyo. Outside of the district is in Jombang Mojokerto. In the late nineteenth century there are some people who are known batik in Mojokerto, the materials used at that time a white cloth woven by himself and the drugs of soga jambal batik, noni, indigo tom, height and so on.
Foreign drugs known as post-war new world of unity which are sold by Chinese traders in Mojokerto. Batik is known along with the influx of drugs from abroad batik. Cap made in Bangil and batik entrepreneurs can afford market Mojokerto Porong Sidoarjo, Porong market before the economic crisis the world is known as a bustling market, where the results of production and Jetis Kedungcangkring Sidoarjo batik are sold. Time of economic crisis, entrepreneurs crippled batik Mojoketo participate, because most of the entrepreneurs of small businesses. Batik activities after the crisis comes back to Japan to Indonesia, and the Japanese occupation of batik activities paralyzed again. Batik activities appear again after the revolution which has become the occupation Mojokerto.
Characteristic of batik Kalangbret of Mojokerto is similar to batik batik-output Yogyakarta, which is basically white and color coraknya brown and dark blue. Known since more than a century ago where batik village Majan and Simo. The village also has a history as a relic of the days of the war Diponegoro 1825.
Although known since ancient batik Majapahait but the development of batik began to spread rapidly since the area of Central Java, Surakarta and Yogyakata, in the era of the kingdom in this area. It appears that the development of batik in Mojokerto and subsequent Supreme Tulung more dipenagruhi style batik Solo and Yogyakarta.
Majan babaran batik colors and Simo is unique because of the color red babarannya light (from the bark of Morinda citrifolia) and other colors of the tom. As batik Setra since time immemorial the village area is also famous Sembung, batik entrepreneurs who are mostly from Tulungagung Sala came in the late nineteenth century. Only now there are still some families who settled batik from Sala Sembung area. Apart from places where there is also a local batik proficiency level in Psychology and also a couple in Karachi, but the nature of most batik handicrafts and batik babarannya.
Age Spread of Islam
History of batik in the areas of East Java is in Roxburgh, whose story is related to the spread of Islam in this area. Batik history. Mentioned problem areas Ponorogo batik art is closely connected with the development of Islamic religion and the kingdoms first. That said, in Batoro Katong area, there is a descendant of the Majapahit empire whose name is the younger brother of Prince Raden Katong Broken. Batoro Katong is what brought Islam to the existing petilasan Ponorogo and now is a mosque area Patihan Wetan.
Selanjutanya developments, at Roxburgh, in the area there is a boarding school Tegalsari Kyai Hasan Basri who cared or known as the Great Tegalsari Kyai. Tegalsari boarding is in addition to teaching the religion of Islam also teaches administrative sciences, sciences and literature of war. A famous disciple of the field of literature is Tegalsari Ronggowarsito Raden. Kyai Hasan Basri was taken into the king's daughter by Kraton Solo.
Batik art at that time confined within the palace. Therefore Solo royal daughter became the wife Kyai Hasan Basri then brought into Tegalsari and followed by a retinue. besides that there are many Solo royal family dipesantren this study. This event is brought out of the palace of art bafik towards Roxburgh. Young people who are educated in this Tegalsari when it came out, the community will donate dharma batik in areas kepamongan and religion.
Long batik areas that we can see now is the area that is Kepatihan Wetan Kauman now and from here spread to the villages Ronowijoyo, Mangunsuman, Kertosari, Setono, Cokromenggalan, Duchy, Nologaten, Bangunsari, Cekok, Banyudono and Ngunut. At that time the drugs used in batik is made in our own country of such timber; tom trees, noni, tall timber. While homemade kainputihnyajugamemakai materials from woven carrying. Bam white cloth known in Indonesia import about the end of the 19th century.
Batik-making in the new Roxburgh known after the first world war brought on by a Chinaman named Kwee Seng of Banyumas. Roxburgh area beginning of the 20th century in the famous batik indigo coloring that does not fade and that's why entrepreneurs Solo batik from Banyumas and give employment to many businessmen in Ponorogo batik. Due to the production of batik known Ponorogo after World War until the outbreak of the First Instance of the second world war famous for his rough batik batik blue mori. Market batik rough Roxburgh then famous throughout Indonesia.
Batik Solo and Yogyakarta
Of work-in Solo and Yogyakarta royal environs 17.18 and 19 century, batik and widespread, especially in Java. Batik was originally just a hobby of the royal family on the passing ornate clothing. But subsequent developments, the batik pleh perdagamgan developed into a commodity.
Solo Batik is famous for its traditional batik patterns and patterns in the cap and the batik he wrote. The materials used for staining was still a lot of use of domestic materials such as Soga Java is already known since the first. The pattern remains, among others, famous for "Sidomukti" and "Sidoluruh".
While the origins of batik area since the kingdom of Mataram Yogyakarta is known to any-I with a Panembahan Senopati raj. The first area is the village Plered batik. Batik at the time confined within the royal family environment is done by the women helpers queen. From here batik extends to the first trap on the other the wife of the royal family of courtiers and soldiers. At the official ceremony of the royal family royal men and women wear clothes with batik kombonasi and striated. Because of this kingdom had a visit from the people and the people attracted to the clothes worn by the royal family and imitated by the people and eventually spread out batik out of the palace walls.
East to Solo and Yogyakarta batik batik patterns that have been perfected in Mojokerto and Tulung Court. It also spread to Gresik, Surabaya and Madura. Westward batik being evolved in Banyumas, Pekalongan, Tegal, Cirebon.
Batik developments in other cities
Developments in Banyumas batik Sokaraja centered in the area carried by the followers of Prince Diponegero after selesa-Inya war in 1830, their most-ap menet Banyumas area. His followers were known at the time was Najendra and he developed a batik dyed in Sokaraja. Materials used mori homespun results and color additives used drugs tom trees, trees and Noni pace that gives the red color of yellow artificiality.
Eventually the people Sokaraja batik spread and by the end of the nineteenth century is directly related to batik Solo and Roxburgh area. Local batik in Banyumas been known since before the motifs and colors in particular and is now called batik Banyumas. After World War unity of batik from China also done by batik materials in addition to their trade. .
Similarly, the batik in Pekalongan. Diponegoro followers who settled in this area and develop business sekitara batik in coastal areas, namely in areas other than their own Pekalongan, batik grew rapidly in Buawaran, Pekajangan and Wonopringgo. The existence of batik in these areas almost simultaneously with other areas of batik is about nineteenth century. Developments in areas outside of batik from Yogyakarta and Solo apart closely related to the development history of the kingdom of Yogyakarta and Solo.
Widespread batik out of the palace after the end of the war Diponegoro and the number of the royal family who had moved out of stricken areas of Yogyakarta and Solo for not kejasama with the colonial government. The royal family took his followers stricken on the ground that new and batik continued and then into work for a living.
Batik patterns in this new area as well adapted to the circumstances surrounding area. Pekalongan especially viewed from the process and designya much influenced by the batik of Demak. Until the early twentieth century the process of batik is batik known morinya substance made in the country and also some import. After the war new world of unity known batik fabrication and use of foreign medicines made in Germany and the UK.
At the beginning of the 20th century first recognized in Pekajangan is weaving that produces its own spun yarn Stagen and simple. In recent years new known batik is done by people who worked weaving sector. Growth and more rapid development of batik weaving Stagen and never sugar mill workers in Wonopringgo and Tirto companies ran into batik, because wages are higher than the sugar factory.
Tegal batik was known in late nineteenth century and that used a homemade time taken from plants: pace / noni, indigo, timber Soga and homespun fabric. Tegal batik color is the first time and babaran Sogan gray after known indigo plant, and then increased to a red-blue color. Tegal batik market when it was out of the region such as West Java taken by entrepreneurs in their walk and this is according to the developing history of batik in Tasik and Kudat besides other immigrants from the cities of Central Javanese batik.
In the early twentieth century was known mori import and import drugs known as post-war new world of unity. Batik entrepreneurs in Tegal mostly weak in capital and raw materials derived from Pekalongan and with credit and batik are sold in China that provide raw materials such credit. Time of economic crisis Tegal batik batik-go and lethargic new enterprising back around 1934 to the beginning of the second world war. When Japan entered batik activities to die again.
While batik in Kebumen is known about the early nineteenth century brought by immigrants from Yogya in order to preach Islam among other things known are: PenghuluNusjaf. He is that developed in Kebumen and batik place was first settled east Lukolo time now and there are also relics of the mosque for his efforts. Kebumen first batik process called teng-brother or Blambangan and then the final process is done in Banyumas / Solo. Around the early twentieth century to create pattern used turmeric capnya made of wood. Kebumen motifs: trees, birds. Other materials used are trees pace, and indigo kemudu tom.
Judging by the relics which are now, and the stories passed down through generations of the past, then the estimated area known since ancient batik Tasikmalaya "Tarumanagara" where the relics of the existing number of trees is obtained there are useful Tarum un-tuk batik-making time . Heritage village which still exists today it is the crude batik: batik Wurug known for their industriousness, Sukapura, Mangunraja, Maronjaya and Tasikmalaya city.
Kudat motif result is a mix of Central Javanese batik and its own regional influence especially Garutan motifs and colors. Until the early twentieth century batik in Kudat growing little by little, of their own needs into the production market. 're In the area there kaintannya Cirebon batik with aerah kingdoms, namely Kanoman, Kasepuahn and Keprabonan. The main source of batik Cirebon, the case is the same as diYogyakarta and Solo. Batik appears the palace, and carried out by the courtiers who reside outside the palace. Ancient kings delighted with the paintings and before the cotton is known, the painting was placed on the palm leaves. It happened around the XIII century. It has something to do with batik motifs on the fabric. Characteristic of most of batik Cirebonan motivated images of forests and wildlife symbol. While the motive for marine natural dipengaruhioleh Chinese thought, which was once the imperial Cirebon edit Chinese princess. Sementra Cirebonan batik depicting eagles as influenced by Yogya and Solo batik motif.
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